The pair, a Pakistani and an Afghan national, was taken into custody near Afghanistan-Pakistan border, Abdul Wakil Atak, spokesman for the governor of eastern Nangahar province, told AFP.
"Border police arrested two people that were carrying 2,000 leaflets to distribute in Nangahar," he said.
The arrests of Pakistani Shahzada Gul and Afghan Hesmatullah were made over the weekend, as the pair was en route to distribute the leaflets in Jalalabad in Nangahar, Ibrarullah, deputy commander of the Border Police Contingent, said.
They were "urging people to launch holy war against the Americans and the Afghan government," said Ibrarullah.